Which term means to evaluate the merits or faults of an argument or position?

The term that means to evaluate the merits or faults of an argument or position is "critique." A critique involves a thorough analysis that examines both the positive and negative aspects of a work, argument, or position. It goes beyond merely summarizing or describing; instead, it seeks to offer a balanced appraisal that helps understand the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the subject being evaluated.

While "assess" could imply a form of evaluation, it doesn't specifically capture the nuanced and detailed examination that "critique" entails. "Investigate" suggests a more explorative approach rather than an evaluative one, focusing on discovery rather than judgment. "Clarify" leans towards making something easier to understand or freeing it from confusion, which is distinctly different from the evaluative nature of a critique.